Roads in Georgia (country)

Both ს and შ are used on direction signs, with destinations in Georgian and Latin script. Signs also bear E-numbers

The foundation of the current Georgian route network was laid as late as the 1980s. Only in 1982 the Soviet Union reorganized its public road numbering system to a three-tier classification system. Prior to that, very few highways had a public number, three of which were in the Georgian SSR.

Since 1996 the Georgian road network has roads of "international", "domestic", and "local" importance based on an ordinance of that year that replaced the numbering system inherited from the Soviet Union.[3] The ordinance was officially adopted in law in 1997 and replaced in the old law the words "trunk" ("მაგისტრალური", "magist’raluri", M) with "international" and "republican" ("რესპუბლიკური", "resp’ublik’uri", R) with "domestic".[4]

The 1996 ordinance replaced the old designations M, A and R and redefined the routes and their numbers with a new list added to the ordinance. The road numbers are prefixed with

• ს (S) which stands for "საერთაშორისო მნიშვნელობის გზა" (Saertashoriso mnishvnelobis gza, road of international importance);
• შ (Sh) which stands for "შიდა მნიშვნელობის გზა" (Shida mnishvnelobis gza, road of domestic importance);
• ა (A) which stands for "ადგილობრივი მნიშვნელობის გზა" (Adgilobrivi mnishvnelobis gza, road of local importance).

In short, most of the old A routes (and the only M route) became S-highways and R routes became Sh-roads. While the list of international and domestic roads is "usually reviewed every 5 years" and approved by the government of Georgia according to the law on motor roads,[5] local roads are designated by individual municipalities since a 2007 decentralization reform. Each municipality administers up to hundreds ა (A) roads. In the Autonomous Republics of Adjara and Abkhazia local ა (A) roads are reviewed every 3 years by the autonomous executive branch. For Abkhazia this would be its government-in-exile. The law on roads defines

• roads of international importance as roads connecting administrative, important industrial and cultural centers of Georgia and other countries;
• roads of domestic importance as roads connecting Tbilisi with cultural or economic centers, capitals of the Autonomous Republics and administrative centers of the regions, as well as access to highways of international and domestic importance and connecting important centers of the Autonomous Republics;
• roads of local importance as roads connecting administrative centers of municipalities with their settlements, roads connecting settlements with international and domestic roads and between settlements as well as roads connecting tourist, recreation, sport, historical, cultural or scientific destinations with municipal centers.

Georgia has a limited amount of 2x2 express roads.

The numbered route network in Georgia has been gradually expanding. Since the introduction of the current classification one S-road has been added (S13 in 2011), while the Sh route network saw a major expansion in 2006. Adjustment in highway lengths occur due to realignments. With the ongoing realignment of major highways, further changes in length can be expected. The list of Sh-roads has grown from 73 in 1996 to 205 in 2017. The table below does not specify A-roads of local importance as data is generally not very consistent or complete to create a reliable picture. S and Sh roads fall under the responsibility of the Roads Department of the Ministry of Regional Development and Infrastructure of Georgia while local A roads are the responsibility of municipalities.

The S-roads "of international importance" (ს1 to ს13) connect Georgia with neighboring Azerbaijan (to 2 border crossings), Armenia (3), Turkey (3) and Russia (3, two are outside of Georgian control). Eleven S-roads terminate at a border (crossing), while two act as connectors within the S-network (S9 and S12). Two S-routes run partially through breakaway Abkhazia (S1) and South Ossetia (S10). The sections within these areas are beyond control of Georgian authorities and through travel is not possible from/to Tbilisi controlled territory, except for foot passage into Abkhazia. However, these roads have active border crossings into Russia and serve traffic between Russia and both regions.

Most of the ~1,600 kilometres (990 mi) of S-roads are in a good or acceptable condition with an asphalt or concrete surface. Typically they have been built as two-lane highway. Limited sections have been upgraded since 2006 to motorway, expressway or limited-access two lane highway with hard shoulders in the spirit of a super-two and this is gradually expanding. These upgrades are mostly related to the E60/E70 East-West Highway project, an internationally sponsored project to create an (east-west) transport corridor through Georgia, connecting Azerbaijan and Armenia with Turkey. Most S-routes are part of European E-roads which are often displayed together with the Georgian road numbers. Three Asian Highway Network routes traverse Georgia, but these are not signposted. One explanation for that is that Georgia identifies itselves explicitly as European.[11]

Roads of "international importance" for Georgia

European and Asian highways through Georgia

Number	E Route	AH Route	Name	Length (km)	Notes
ს 1			Tbilisi - Senaki - Leselidze	537	Tbilisi - Surami and Argveta - Kutaisi - Samtredia have been (re)built as motorway (170km). 58 km of new motorway construction Surami - Argveta via Rikoti Pass is ongoing with expected opening in 2023.[12][13]
ს 2			Senaki - Poti - Sarpi	119	S2 upgrade is ongoing: the 32 km Kobuleti Bypass has been rebuilt as super-two with 90 km/h speed limit, as will be the 14 km Batumi Bypass. Kobuleti to Grigoleti (S12) is under construction as motorway (14 km).[14][15]
ს 3			Mtskheta - Stepantsminda - Larsi	139	Also called Georgian Military Road. In 2021 construction started of the 23 km Khveseti - Kobi section to bypass Gudauri and the Jvari Pass with a 2+1 road and a 9 km two-lane tunnel, the longest in the Caucasus.[16][17][18][19]
ს 4			Tbilisi - Red Bridge	57	Rustavi - Red Bridge will be rerouted as 32 km motorway, including a new motorway section linking the S4 with the S7 to Armenia. The EU will provide financial support.[20]
ს 5			Tbilisi – Bakurtsikhe – Lagodekhi	160	Tbilisi (S9) - Sagarejo (35km) will be constructed as motorway.[21]
ს 6			Ponichala – Marneuli – Guguti	98
ს 7			Marneuli – Sadakhlo	34	Rebuilding 16 km of the S7 to motorway plus 14 km new motorway to connect with S4 to Rustavi is in preparation.[20]
ს 8			Khashuri – Akhaltsikhe – Vale	97
ს 9			Tbilisi Bypass	49
ს 10			Gori – Tskhinvali – Gupta – Java – Roki	92
ს 11			Akhaltsikhe – Ninotsminda	112
ს 12			Samtredia - Lanchkhuti - Grigoleti	57	The entire S12 is under construction as new motorway. In July 2020 Japana-Lanchkhuti (14 km) opened.[22] Three other sections experience delays (see S12 page).
ს 13			Akhalkalaki - Kartsakhi	36

This table is based on the last published list of roads by the Government of Georgia which is from 2017.[1] Some details in the table have been updated with actual developments, such as road length after opening of new sections.

The vast network of nearly 5,400 km (3,400 mi) domestic შ Sh-roads connects vital regions with each other and the capital. By far most of these routes are relatively short, but some routes are quite long, up to nearly 200 km. The longer Sh-roads are interregional in nature while others are designed as part of a subregional network, provide access to the main S-highways or remote mountain valleys. The list of Sh-routes is slowly expanding. Recent additions შ203, შ204 and შ 205 are former parts of the S1 and S2 highways, renumbered to Sh-road after realignment of S1 and S2 sections. More of such additions can be expected with the ongoing and scheduled realignment of parts of key S-highways. At the same time, new regional routes are being built in mountain regions and elsewhere.

The condition of Sh-roads varies from excellent to horrid. From newly sealed (asphalt) to unsealed or lacking decades of reconstruction. This mixed picture also applies to long distance Sh-routes. That said, with the limited resources the state has, some key projects have been launched since 2006, and increasingly so since 2014. The Sh7 road to Mestia in the Svaneti mountain valley and the long distance Sh31 through the southern Samtskhe-Javakheti region were key regional road projects during the tenure of 3rd President Saakashvili. In more recent years other long and medium distance roads in the regions in partially or wholly terrible shape have been reconstructed, such as the Sh16 through Racha, the Sh26 to Shatili, the Sh38 across the Gombori mountains and others. Also, realignment of regional roads as bypass, such as the Sh42 Gurjaani-Bakurtsikhe Bypass,[23] is a point of attention. Overall, the quality of the regional road network is improving with the years, but large sections remain in bad (unsealed) condition under sometimes harsh climatic conditions, especially in the mountainous regions.

1-50

შ 1 route in Khulo

შ 7 route in Svaneti

შ 15 road sign in Kutaisi

შ 26 at Zhinvali Reservoir

შ 29 route near Gori

შ 30 route to Tianeti

შ 42 through Gurjaani

შ 43 Pshaveli to Napareuli

შ 44 road in Tusheti NP

Number	Name (route)	Length (km)
შ 1	Batumi (Angisa) - Akhaltsikhe	159
შ 2	Sajavakho - Chokhatauri - Ozurgeti - Kobuleti	73.4
შ 3	Abasha - Gaghma Kodori - Guleiskari - Japana	33.7
შ 4	Abasha – Martvili	34
შ 5	Senaki – Nokalakevi – Bandza – Khoni	36.9
შ 6	Zugdidi – Tsalenjikha – Chkhorotsqu – Senaki	88
შ 7	Zugdidi – Jvari – Mestia – Lasdili	198
შ 8	Zugdidi – Anaklia	34
შ 9	Ochamchire – Tkvarcheli	27,2
შ 10	Machara – South Shelter	101
შ 11	Bzipi – Lake Ritsa – Avadhara	60
შ 12	Kutaisi (Autofactory) – Khoni – Samtredia	40
შ 13	Baghdati – Vani – Dapnari	47,8
შ 14	Kutaisi (Saghoria) – Baghdati – Abastumani - Benara	102,2
შ 15	Kutaisi (Tsqaltubo Driveways) – Tsqaltubo - Tsageri - Lentekhi - Lasdili	157
შ 16	Kutaisi (Choma) – Alpana - Mamison Pass (Russian Border)	161
შ 17	Kutaisi (Motsameta) – Tkibuli - Ambrolauri	73,5
შ 18	Alpana – Tsageri	22.2
შ 19	Cholaburi Bridge – Terjola - Tkibuli	29
შ 20	Borjomi - Bakuriani - Akhalkalaki	82
შ 21	Akhalkalaki Bypass road	2,3
შ 22	Gomi – Sachkhere - Chiatura - Zestaponi	106
შ 23	Agara – Kornisi - Tskhinvali	49,6
შ 24	Gori – Variani - Tskhinvali	25,7
შ 25	Gupta – Oni	64,2
Number	Name (route)	Length (km)
შ 26	Zhinvali - Barisakho - Shatili	106
შ 27	Tianeti - Zaridzeebi - Zhinvali	23
შ 28	Tsikhisdsiri - Akhalgori - Largvisi	45
შ 29	Zahesi - Mtskheta - Kavtiskhevi - Gori - Skra - Kareli - Osiauri	109,5
შ 30	Tbilisi (Gldani) – Tianeti	60
შ 31	Koda - Partskhisi - Manglisi - Tsalka - Ninotsminda	147
შ 32	Tbilisi (Veli) - Gachiani - Rustavi	11
შ 33	Marneuli - Tetritskaro - Tsalka	88,7
შ 34	Partskhisi - Tetritskaro	6,5
შ 35	Tetritskaro - Dagheti - Topani - Bolnisi	20,4
შ 36	Tbilisi (Pantiani) – Manglisi	33
შ 37	Sadakhlo - Tsopi - Akhkerpi (Armenian Border, Highway H34)	26,2
შ 38	Vaziani - Gombori - Telavi	66
შ 39	Tsnori - Dedoplistsqaro – Kvemo Kedi	74,2
შ 40	Chalaubani – Sighnaghi - Anaga	21,5
შ 41	Iliatsminda - Bodbe - Gamarjveba	21,3
შ 42	Akhmeta – Telavi - Bakurtsikhe	73
შ 43	Tianeti – Akhmeta - Kvareli - Ninigori	129,4
შ 44	Pshaveli - Abano - Omalo	72
შ 45	Ozurgeti - Shemokmedi - Bzhuzhhesi - Gomismta	31
შ 46	Ozurgeti - Natanebi - Ureki	22
შ 47	Shukhuti - Atsana - Mamati - Dzimiti	17,5
შ 48	Chaladidi - Khorga - Khobi	15,4
შ 49	Bzipi – Pitsunda	12,4
შ 50	Myussera road	13,5

51-100

შ 58 Vardzia to Tmogvi

შ 65 near Bazaleti Lake

შ 66 through Gardabani

შ 70 through Telavi

Number	Name (route)	Length (km)
შ 51	Vartsikhe - Rokhi	7,2
შ 52	Tsqaltubo - Khoni	15,2
შ 53	Khoni - Matkhoji - Martvili	15
შ 54	Zestaponi - Baghdati	18,8
შ 55	Dzirula - Kharagauli - Moliti - Phona - Chumateleti	51
შ 56	Rikoti Tunnel Bypass	4
შ 57	Abastumani - Kanobili	5
შ 58	Khertvisi - Vardzia	22,6
შ 59	(km 101) - Kareli	4,3
შ 60	(km 81) - Gori - (km 87)	5
შ 61	Kaspi - Kavtiskhevi	10,8
შ 62	Igoeti - Akhmaji	12
შ 63	Igoeti - Kaspi - Akhalkalaki	20,5
შ 64	Narekvavi - Mtskheta - Railway Station	6,4
შ 65	Bagischala - Dusheti - Aragvispiri	19,3
შ 66	Rustavi - Gardabani - Vakhtangisi (Azerbaijan Border, Highway R24)	24,5
შ 67	Gamarjveba - Rustavi	7,4
შ 68	Didi Dmanisi - Dmanisi - Gomareti - Bediani	70,2
შ 69	Kvareli - Mukuzani	17
შ 70	Telavi - Shakriani	11,4
შ 71	Bakuriani Circular Path	3
შ 72	Tirdznisi - Ditsi - Eredvi - Kheiti	18,8
შ 73	(km 30) - Poti Sea Port (Via Khobi st.)	4,5
შ 74	Motsameta Monastery Road	1,5
შ 75	Bakuriani Didveli Ski complex Road	2,6
Number	Name (route)	Length (km)
შ 76	Goderdzi Pass - Beshumi	10
შ 77	Salkhino - Dadiani Palace Road	6,7
შ 78	Hatsvali Ski complex Road	6
შ 79	Prometheus Cave Road	2,2
შ 80	Natanebi - Choloki Bridge	8,1
შ 81	Chokhatauri - Bakhmaro	53
შ 82	Ozurgeti - Ninoshvili - Lesa	24,8
შ 83	Chokhatauri - Zomleti	15
შ 84	Zugdidi - Jikhashkari - Chkhorotsqu	26
შ 85	Martvili - Taleri - Chkhorotsqu	43
შ 86	Nokalakevi - Ledzadzame - Didi Chkoni	24,2
შ 87	Khobi - Sajijao - Lesichine	29,2
შ 88	Zugdidi - Narazeni - Dzveli Khibula - Akhali khibula - Zubi	23,8
შ 89	Tsalenjikha - Obuji - Jikhashkari	14,2
შ 90	Darcheli - Ganmukhuri	14
შ 91	Taleri - Lebarde	34
შ 92	Martvili - Martvili Monastery	1,3
შ 93	Nosiri - Gejeti - Nokalakevi	16,5
შ 94	Tsalenjikha - Jvari - Jvarzeni	12
შ 95	Tsalenjikha - Lia - Pakhulani	10,5
შ 96	Tsalenjikha - Tsalenjikha Cathedral	1,5
შ 97	Shua Khorga - Kulevi	16
შ 98	Khobi - Akhalsopeli - Railway Platform	10,5
შ 99	Becho - Shikhra	8,2
შ 100	Khaishi - Sakeni - Omarishara	58

101-150

Number	Name (route)	Length (km)
შ 101	Zestaponi - Kitskhi - Kharagauli	21
შ 102	(km 8) - Terjola - Zeda Alisubani - Tuzi - Kvatsikhe - Katskhi	28.4
შ 103	Ianeti - Didi Jikhaishi - Khoni	17.1
შ 104	Kutaisi - Geguti - Sakulia - Bashi - Ianeti	34
შ 105	Vani - Sulori	11.5
შ 106	Shuamta - Chkvishi	4.6
შ 107	Vani - Gaghma Vani	2
შ 108	Kutaisi - Sapishkhia - Chognari	4.7
შ 109	Tkibuli - Sochkheti - Orpiri	24
შ 110	Gelati Monastery complex road	2.6
შ 111	Banoja - Sataplia	6.1
შ 112	Tskaltubo - Partskhanakanevi	11.3
შ 113	Giorgi Tsereteli Museum road	1.1
შ 114	Chiatura - Perevisa - Sveri - Tvalueti - Gezruli	32
შ 115	Shukruti - Usakhelo - Korbouli	19.2
შ 116	Matkhoji – Khidi - Gordi - Kinchkha	19
შ 117	(km 2) - Dzedzileti - Gelaveri	20
შ 118	Gordi - Nogha - Dzedzileti	5.6
შ 119	Chrebalo - Nikortsminda	25.1
შ 120	Tsesi - Uravi	14.2
შ 121	Saglolo – Chiora – Ghebi	12 km
შ 122	Lentekhi – Bavari	22 km
შ 123	TSana – Sesho	78 km
შ 124	Adigeni – Ude – Arali	16 km
შ 125	Akhaltsikhe – Ghreli – Sapara Monastery	9 km
Number	Name (route)	Length (km)
შ 126	(km 33, Akhalkalaki)- Kirovakani - Kumurdo	10 km
შ 127	Borjomi - Tsemi	13 km
შ 128	Tsaghveri - Kimotesubani	4 km
შ 129	Akhalkalaki – Khakhubeti – Rkoni	22 km
შ 130	Chakvi – Entrance of Makhinjauri Tunnel	7 km
შ 131	(km 25) - Tsinarekhi - Kvatakhevi	10 km
შ 132	Metekhi - Kvemo Gomi - Church of St John the Baptist	9 km
შ 133	(km 57) - Samtavisi - Samtavisi Cathedral	4 km
შ 134	Kareli – Kintsvisi	9 km
შ 135	– Ruisi	1 km
შ 136	– Urbnisi	1 km
შ 137	Khidistavi – Ateni - Zemo Boshuri	28 km
შ 138	Gori – Mejvrishevi	17 km
შ 139	- Uplistsikhe	7 km
შ 140	Tskhinvali – Vanati - Zonkari - Atsrishevi	28 km
შ 141	Vanati - Geri	12 km
შ 142	Sasadilo - Orkhevi - Khevsurtsopeli	27 km
შ 143	Dusheti - Mchadijvari - Odzisi	18 km
შ 144	- Zarzma monastery	1 km
შ 145	- Chargali	3 km
შ 146	Stepantsminda – Gergeti Trinity Church	6,5 km
შ 147	Achkhoti - Sno – Akhaltsikhe - Juta	20 km
შ 148	Orkhevi – Sioni	4 km
შ 149	Tsitsamuri – Saguramo - Tskhvarichamia	21 km
შ 150	Mtskheta – Shiomghvime	11 km

151-200

შ 157 to Rustavi

შ 158 near David Gareja

შ 170 in Apeni

შ 172 to David Gareja

Number	Name (route)	Length (km)
შ 151	Natakhtari - Tsilkani - Mukhrani	16 km
შ 152	Zahesi – Jvari Monastery	7 km
შ 153	Nichbisi - Digdori - Didi Toneti	28 km
შ 154	Bolnisi – TSughrughasheni	12 km
შ 155	Kveshi - Dzedzvnariani - Tandzia	8 km
შ 156	(km 35) - Tsurtavi Castle	1 km
შ 157	Rustavi - Jandari	13 km
შ 158	(km 10) - David Gareja	14 km
შ 159	- Betania	5 km
შ 160	Vaziani - Martqopi - Norio - Martqopi Monastery of the Deity	27.5 km
შ 161	Shulaveri – Red Bridge	23 km
შ 162	Shulaveri - Sioni - Tserakvi	24 km
შ 163	Marneuli – Algeti (Məscidli Görarxı) - Azizkendi	19 km
შ 164	Tsereteli - Norgiughi - Mughanlo - Kaselo	25 km
შ 165	(km 25) - Amlevi - Orbeti -	11 km
შ 166	Tetritsqaro - Ksovreti – Gudarekhi	14.5 km
შ 167	- Samshvildi - Samshvildi Fortress	2 km
შ 168	Samshvildi - Pirghebuli monastery	7 km
შ 169	Imera - Bareti - Tejisi - Chivtkili - Khachkoi - Gumbati - Avranlo	32 km
შ 170	Gurjaani – Apeni - Chabukiani - Kabali	30 km
შ 171	Sakobo - Khirsa - Samtatskaro - Tsiteli Sabatlo	67 km
შ 172	Sagarejo – Udabno - David Gareja	13 km
შ 173	Archiloskalo - Samtatskaro	6 km
შ 174	Khornabuji - Erisimedi	21 km
შ 175	Signagi - Tsnori	8 km
Number	Name (route)	Length (km)
შ 176	Signagi - St. Nino Monastery	1 km
შ 177	- St. Nino's spring	3 km
შ 178	(Near Telavi) - Dzveli Shuamta's Monastery	2 km
შ 179	- Ikalto Academy	2 km
შ 180	Akura - Mama Davity Historical Monument	3 km
შ 181	Zinobiani – Chikaani - Gavazi	13 km
შ 182	Kvareli - Kvareli Lake	8.5 km
შ 183	Akhmeta – Jokolo - Batsara Reserve	22 km
შ 184	Zemo Khodashen – Alaverdi Monastery – Kvemo Alvan	12 km
შ 185	Chuburkhindji - Nabakevi - Otobaia - Gagida	26 km
შ 186	- Mokvi - Chlow - Otap	21 km
შ 187	Sokhumi – Besleti	3.5 km
შ 188	Sokhumi - Gumista	3.5 km
შ 189	- Sukhumi Babushara Airport	4.5 km
შ 190	- Abgharkhuki - Durifshi - Lykhny - (Gudauta)	36 km
შ 191	- New Athos Cave	1 km
შ 192	Gagra – Kolkhida	8 km
შ 193	Leselidze - Gantiadi	9 km
შ 194	Leselidze – Mikelrypsh	17 km
შ 195	(km 43) – Natlismtsemeli	5 km
შ 196	Nikozi - Avnevi	9 km
შ 197	– Nekresi monastery	4 km
შ 198	(km 4) - Variani - Sakasheti - Breti - (km 101)	25 km
შ 199	Kubriantkari - Akhaltsikhe - Kenchaklde - Kheoba	15 km
შ 200	- Khaberia Winery (Kvareli)	1.5 km

201-205

შ 204 through Samtredia

შ 205 at Tsikhisdziri

Number	Name (route)	Length (km)
შ 201	(km 10) – Orpir - Tsutskhvati - Tsutskhvati Cave	11 km
შ 202	– Gori - (Gori Tunnel Bypass)	6 km
შ 203	(km 102, Kareli Exit) - Gomi - Agara - (km 121)	19 km
შ 204	(km 214, Nakhshirghele Exit) - Kutaisi - Samtredia	48 km
შ 205	Kobuleti - Chakvi -	15 km

The tables above are based the last published list of roads by the Government of Georgia which is from 2017.[1]

Georgia has 14 border checkpoints for vehicular traffic with its four neighbours. Eleven of these are the terminus of an S-road, the other three connect to a domestic Sh-road.

Turkish-Georgian border in Sarpi

Georgian-Russian border in Darial Gorge (Stepantsminda)

Country	Highway	Municipality	Region
Turkish border	ს 2 / E 70	Khelvachauri	Adjara
	ს 8 / E 691	Akhaltsikhe	Samtskhe-Javakheti
	ს 13	Akhalkalaki	Samtskhe-Javakheti
Armenian border	ს 11 / E 691	Ninotsminda	Samtskhe-Javakheti
	ს 6 / E 117	Dmanisi	Kvemo Kartli
	შ 37	Marneuli	Kvemo Kartli
	ს 7 / E 001	Marneuli	Kvemo Kartli
Azerbaijani border	ს 4 / E 60	Marneuli	Kvemo Kartli
	შ 66	Gardabani	Kvemo Kartli
	შ 173	Dedoplistskaro	Kakheti
	ს 5	Lagodekhi	Kakheti
Russian border	ს 3 / E 117	Stepantsminda	Mtskheta-Mtianeti
	ს 10	Java	Shida Kartli
	ს 1 / E 97	Gagra	Abkhazia

Numbered main roads Caucasus region USSR 1960-1982.

For decades the Soviet Union lacked a systematic public numbering system for its (trunk) road network. In 1960 a list of 37 numbered "highways of national importance" across the 15 Soviet Socialist Republics was adopted.[24] Three of these routes passed through the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic: the 16, 17 and 19.

M and A main roads through Georgia 1982-1996

In 1982 a three-tier classification system was adopted in the Soviet Union with M, A and R (Russian: Р) routes. The M ("magistral", main arterial) and A (national) routes were assigned at the federal Soviet level, while the R ("republican") routes were assigned at the Soviet republican level. Cross border R-routes therefore had different numbers on either side of the internal borders. The A-routes had 3 digits and were assigned based on their region: the 300 series was assigned to the Caucasus and Central Asia.[25] The R-routes had 1-3 digits, based on their importance in the road network. One M-route (M-27) and ten A-routes (A-301 to A-310) led through the Georgian SSR.[26] These designations were maintained in independent Georgia until the late 1990s when Georgia switched to their own (and current) system.

• (pdf) Complete official list of Georgian Highways - 2017 update as attached to resolution 491, 2 November 2017.[1]
• Roads Department of the Ministry of Regional Development and Infrastructure of Georgia