List of countries by income equality

This is a list of countries or dependencies by income inequality metrics, including Gini coefficients. The Gini coefficient is a number between 0 and 1, where 0 corresponds with perfect equality (where everyone has the same income) and 1 corresponds with perfect inequality (where one person has all the income—and everyone else has no income).

World map of the Gini coefficients by country. Based on World Bank data ranging from 1992 to 2018.[1]

Income distribution can vary greatly from wealth distribution in a country (see List of countries by distribution of wealth). Income from black market economic activity is not included and is the subject of current economic research.[2][3]

UN, World Bank and CIA list – income ratios and Gini indices

Row numbers are static. Other columns are sortable. This allows ranking of any column.

Key:

R/P 10%: The ratio of the average income of the richest 10% to the poorest 10%.
R/P 20%: The ratio of the average income of the richest 20% to the poorest 20%.
Gini: Gini index, a quantified representation of a nation's Lorenz curve. A Gini index of 0% expresses perfect equality, while index of 100% expresses maximal inequality.
UN: Data from the United Nations Development Programme.
World Bank: Data from the World Bank.
CIA: Data from the Central Intelligence Agency's The World Factbook.

Country	Subregion	Region	UN R/P		WB Gini[4]		CIA R/P[5]		CIA Gini[6]
Country	Subregion	Region	10%[5]	20%[7]	%	Year	10%	Year	%	Year

Afghanistan	Southern Asia	Asia
Albania	Southern Europe	Europe	7.2	4.2	33.2	2017	7.2	2004	26.9	2012 est.
Algeria	Northern Africa	Africa	9.6	4.0	27.6	2011	9.6	1995	35.3	1995
Angola	Middle Africa	Africa		9.0	51.3	2018
Argentina	South America	Americas	31.6	8.8	41.4	2018	35.0	2007 Jan.–Mar.	41.7	2017
Armenia	Western Asia	Asia	8.0	5.0	34.4	2018	25.8	2004	34.4[8]	2018[8]
Australia	Australia, New Zealand	Oceania	12.5	6.3	34.4	2014	12.7	1994	30.3	2008
Austria	Western Europe	Europe	6.9	4.9	29.7	2017	6.8	2004	26.3	2007
Azerbaijan	Western Asia	Asia	9.7		26.6	2005	9.5	2001	33.7	2008
Bahrain	Western Asia	Asia
Bangladesh	Southern Asia	Asia	7.5	4.8	32.4	2016	7.5	2000 est.	32.1	2010
Belarus	Eastern Europe	Europe	6.9	3.6	25.2	2018	6.9	2002	26.5	2011
Belgium	Western Europe	Europe	8.2	4.2	27.4	2017	8.3	2000	25.9	2013 est.
Belize	Central America	Americas	28.8		53.3	1999	19.9	2013	49.8	2014
Benin	Western Africa	Africa	9.4	16.3	47.8	2015	9.4	2003	36.5	2003
Bhutan	Southern Asia	Asia		6.6	37.4	2017			38.7	2012
Bolivia	South America	Americas	93.9	11.8	42.2	2018	157.3	2002	46.6	2012
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Southern Europe	Europe	5.4	5.4	33.0	2011	5.5	2001	36.2	2007
Botswana	Southern Africa	Africa	43.0	15.0	53.3	2015			60.9	2009
Brazil	South America	Americas	16.5	21.1	53.9	2018	16.3	2013	48.8	2018
Bulgaria	Eastern Europe	Europe	7.0	7.3	40.4	2017	8.8	2005	35.4	2012
Burkina Faso	Western Africa	Africa	11.6	5.3	35.3	2014	11.5	2003	39.5	2007
Burundi	Eastern Africa	Africa	19.3	6.7	38.6	2013	19.3	1998	42.4	1998
Cambodia	South-eastern Asia	Asia	12.2				12.0	2004	37.9	2008 est.
Cameroon	Middle Africa	Africa	15.7	11.5	46.6	2014	15.4	2001	44.6	2001
Canada	Northern America	Americas	9.4	6.2	33.8	2013	9.5	2000	32.1	2005
Cape Verde	Western Africa	Africa		10.7	47.2	2007
Central African Republic	Middle Africa	Africa	69.2	18.5	56.2	2008	68.1	1993	43.6	2003
Chad	Middle Africa	Africa		10.0	43.3	2011			43.3	2011 est.
Chile	South America	Americas	26.2	11.2	44.4	2017	32.1	2003	52.1	2009
China	Eastern Asia	Asia	21.6	10.2	38.5	2016	21.8	2004	46.5	2016
Colombia	South America	Americas	60.4	13.4	50.4	2018	56.3	2008	53.5	2012
Comoros	Eastern Africa	Africa		11.2	45.3	2014			55.9	2004 est.
DR Congo	Middle Africa	Africa		8.8	42.1	2012
Congo	Middle Africa	Africa		12.8	48.9	2011
Costa Rica	Central America	Americas	23.4	12.3	48.0	2018	37.3	2003	50.3	2009
Ivory Coast	Western Africa	Africa	16.6	8.4	41.5	2015	17.0	2002	41.5	2008
Croatia	Southern Europe	Europe	7.3	5.3	30.4	2017	7.2	2003 est.	32.0	2010
Cuba	Caribbean	Americas
Cyprus	Western Asia	Asia		5.3	31.4	2017			32.4	2013 est.
Czech Republic	Eastern Europe	Europe	5.2	3.7	24.9	2017	5.2	1996	24.9	2012
Denmark	Northern Europe	Europe	8.1	4.0	28.7	2017	12.0	2000 est.	24.8	2011 est.
Djibouti	Eastern Africa	Africa		8.8	44.6	2017			40.9	2002
Dominican Republic	Caribbean	Americas	25.3	10.5	43.7	2018	18.8	2012	45.7	2012 est.
Ecuador	South America	Americas	35.2	10.7	45.4	2018	17.5	2006 Oct.[5]	48.5	2013 Dec.[5]
Egypt	Northern Africa	Africa	8.0	4.6	31.5	2017	8.0	2000	30.8	2008
El Salvador	Central America	Americas	38.6	7.0	38.6	2018	55.4	2002	46.9	2007
Equatorial Guinea	Middle Africa	Africa
Estonia	Northern Europe	Europe	10.8	5.4	30.4	2017	11.0	2003	32.9	2013
Eswatini	Southern Africa	Africa	25.1	14.2	54.6	2016	25.4	2001	50.4	2001
Ethiopia	Eastern Africa	Africa	6.6	7.1	35.0	2015	6.5	2000	33.0	2011
EU	Europe						8.6	2015 est.	30.6	2012 est.
Fiji	Melanesia	Oceania		6.0	36.7	2013
Finland	Northern Europe	Europe	5.6	3.9	27.4	2017	5.7	2000	26.8	2008
France	Western Europe	Europe	9.1	5.2	31.6	2017	8.3	2004	30.1	2013
Gabon	Middle Africa	Africa		7.4	38.0	2017
Gambia	Western Africa	Africa	20.2	5.9	35.9	2015	20.6	1998	50.2	1998
Georgia	Western Asia	Asia	15.4	7.1	36.4	2018	15.2	2003	46.0	2011
Germany	Western Europe	Europe	6.9	5.1	31.9	2016	6.9	2000	27.0	2006
Ghana	Western Africa	Africa	14.1	10.3	43.5	2016	13.7	1999	42.3	2012–2013
Greece	Southern Europe	Europe	10.2	7.1	34.4	2017	10.4	2000 est.	34.4	2013 est.
Guatemala	Central America	Americas	33.9	11.9	48.3	2014	48.2	2002	55.1	2007
Guinea	Western Africa	Africa	10.5	5.5	33.7	2012	21.6	2006	39.4	2007
Guinea-Bissau	Western Africa	Africa	19.0	12.6	50.7	2010	84.8	1991
Guyana	South America	Americas			44.6	1998	26.0	1999	44.6	2007
Haiti	Caribbean	Americas	54.4	8.6	41.1	2012	68.1	2001	60.8	2012
Honduras	Central America	Americas	59.4	17.1	52.1	2018	35.2	2003	57.7	2007
Hong Kong	Eastern Asia	Asia	17.8						53.9	2016
Hungary	Eastern Europe	Europe	5.5	4.9	30.6	2017	5.6	2002	24.7	2009
Iceland	Northern Europe	Europe		4.0	26.8	2015			28.0	2006
India	Southern Asia	Asia	8.6	5.5	37.8	2011	8.6	2004	35.1	2011
Indonesia	South-eastern Asia	Asia	7.8	6.6	39.0	2018	7.9	2002	38.8	2018
Iran	Southern Asia	Asia	17.2	7.7	40.8	2017	16.9	1998	44.5	2006
Iraq	Western Asia	Asia		4.4	29.5	2012
Ireland	Northern Europe	Europe	9.4	5.0	32.8	2016	9.4	2000	33.9	2010
Israel	Western Asia	Asia	13.4	8.5	39.0	2016	11.8	2005	37.6	2012
Italy	Southern Europe	Europe	11.6	7.0	35.9	2017	11.7	2000	31.9	2012 est.
Jamaica	Caribbean	Americas	17.3		45.5	2004	17.0	2004	45.5	2004
Japan	Eastern Asia	Asia	4.5	5.4	32.9	2013	4.5	1993	37.9	2011
Jordan	Western Asia	Asia	11.3	5.2	33.7	2010	11.3	2003	39.7	2007
Kazakhstan	Central Asia	Asia	8.5	3.8	27.5	2017	8.0	2004 est.	28.9	2011
Kenya	Eastern Africa	Africa	13.6	7.7	40.8	2015	18.6	2000	42.5	2008 est.
North Korea	Eastern Asia	Asia
South Korea	Eastern Asia	Asia	7.8	5.3	31.6	2012	5.9	2011	34.1	2015
Kosovo	Eastern Europe	Europe[lower-alpha 1]			29.0	2017
Kuwait	Western Asia	Asia
Kyrgyzstan	Central Asia	Asia	6.4	3.8	27.7	2018	6.4	2003	33.4	2007
Laos	South-eastern Asia	Asia	8.3	5.9	36.4	2012	8.4	2002	36.7	2008
Latvia	Northern Europe	Europe	11.6	5.8	35.6	2017	11.6	2003	35.2	2010
Lebanon	Western Asia	Asia		5.1	31.8	2011
Lesotho	Southern Africa	Africa	39.8	20.8	44.9	2017	48.2	2002 est.	63.2	1995
Liberia	Western Africa	Africa	12.8	5.9	35.3	2016
Libya	Northern Africa	Africa
Lithuania	Northern Europe	Europe	10.4	7.2	37.3	2017	10.3	2003	35.5	2009
Luxembourg	Western Europe	Europe		5.7	34.9	2017	6.8	2000	30.4	2013 est.
Macau	Eastern Asia	Asia							35	2013
North Macedonia	Southern Europe	Europe	12.5	7.3	34.2	2017	12.3	2003	43.6	2013
Madagascar	Eastern Africa	Africa	19.2	8.7	42.6	2012	19.3	2001	47.5	2001
Malawi	Eastern Africa	Africa	10.9	8.1	44.7	2016	11.0	2004	39.0	2004
Malaysia	South-eastern Asia	Asia	22.1	8.2	41.0	2015	28.0	2003 est.	46.2	2009
Maldives	Southern Asia	Asia		7.0	31.3	2016			37.4	2004 est.
Mali	Western Africa	Africa	12.5	5.2	33.0	2009	12.6	2001	40.1	2001
Malta	Southern Europe	Europe		4.5	29.2	2017			27.9	2013
Mauritania	Western Africa	Africa	12.0	5.4	32.6	2014	11.8	2000	39.0	2000
Mauritius	Eastern Africa	Africa		5.9	36.8	2017			35.9	2012 est.
Mexico	Central America	Americas	21.6	8.8	45.4	2018	24.6	2004	48.3	2008
Micronesia	Micronesia	Oceania		8.4	40.1	2013			61.1	2013 est.
Moldova	Eastern Europe	Europe	8.2	3.6	25.7	2018	8.3	2003	33.0	2010
Mongolia	Eastern Asia	Asia	8.2	5.1	32.7	2018	8.2	2002	36.5	2008
Montenegro	Southern Europe	Europe		4.8	39.0	2015			26.2	2013 est.
Morocco	Northern Africa	Africa	11.7	7.0	39.5	2013	11.9	1999	40.9	2007 est.
Mozambique	Eastern Africa	Africa	18.8	14.2	54.0	2014	18.8	2002	45.6	2008
Myanmar	South-eastern Asia	Asia		6.3	30.7	2017	11.6	1998
Namibia	Southern Africa	Africa	106.6	22.8	59.1	2015	129.0	2003	59.7	2010
Nepal	Southern Asia	Asia	15.8	5.0	32.8	2010	15.6	2004	32.8	2010
Netherlands	Western Europe	Europe	9.2	4.2	28.5	2017	9.2	1999	25.1	2013
New Zealand	Australia, New Zealand	Oceania	12.4						36.2	1997
Nicaragua	Central America	Americas	31.0	10.2	46.2	2014	15.4	2001	40.5	2010
Niger	Western Africa	Africa	46.0	5.4	34.3	2014	44.3	1995	34.0	2007
Nigeria	Western Africa	Africa	17.8	9.1	35.1	2020	17.5	2003	43.7	2003
Norway	Northern Europe	Europe	6.1	4.1	27.0	2017	6.0	2000	26.8	2010
Oman	Western Asia	Asia
Pakistan	Southern Asia	Asia	6.5	4.8	33.5	2015	6.6	2002	29.6	2011 FY
Panama	Central America	Americas	49.9	15.9	49.2	2018	61.4	2003	51.9	2010 est.
Papua New Guinea	Melanesia	Oceania	23.8	9.3	41.9	2009	23.8	1996	50.9	1996
Paraguay	South America	Americas	38.8	11.7	46.2	2018	65.9	2003	53.2	2009
Peru	South America	Americas	26.1	10.3	42.8	2018	31.5	2003	45.3	2012
Philippines	South-eastern Asia	Asia	15.5	7.2	44.4	2015	15.5	2003	46.0	2012
Poland	Eastern Europe	Europe	8.8	4.6	29.7	2017	8.7	2002	34.1	2009
Portugal	Southern Europe	Europe	15.0	6.4	33.8	2017	9.2	1995 est.	34.2	2013 est.
Qatar	Western Asia	Asia
Romania	Eastern Europe	Europe	7.5	8.0	36.0	2017	7.4	2003	27.3	2012
Russia	Eastern Europe	Europe	12.7	6.6	37.5	2018	12.8	2002	42	2012
Rwanda	Eastern Africa	Africa	18.6	8.5	43.7	2016	18.2	2000	46.8	2000
São Tomé and Príncipe	Middle Africa	Africa		4.7	56.3	2017
Saudi Arabia	Western Asia	Asia
Senegal	Western Africa	Africa	12.3	7.7	40.3	2011	12.4	2001	40.3	2011
Serbia	Southern Europe	Europe		4.2	36.2	2017			38.7	2014 est.
Seychelles	Eastern Africa	Africa		9.8	46.8	2013
Sierra Leone	Western Africa	Africa	87.2	5.4	35.7	2018	87.2	1989	34.0	2011
Singapore	South-eastern Asia	Asia	17.7				17.3	1998	46.4	2014
Slovakia	Eastern Europe	Europe	6.7	4.1	25.2	2016	6.7	1996	25.3	2012
Slovenia	Southern Europe	Europe	5.9	3.7	24.2	2017	5.9	1998	23.7	2012
Somalia	Eastern Africa	Africa
South Africa	Southern Africa	Africa	33.1	28.4	63.0	2014	31.9	2000	62.5	2013 est.
South Sudan	Eastern Africa	Africa		13.0	46.3	2009			46.0	2010 est.
Spain	Southern Europe	Europe	10.3	7.3	34.7	2017	10.2	2000	34.0	2011
Sri Lanka	Southern Asia	Asia	11.1	6.8	39.8	2016	36.1	2003/04 FY	49.0	2010
Saint Lucia	Caribbean	Americas		6.8	51.2	2016
Sudan	Northern Africa	Africa		6.2	35.4	2009
Suriname	South America	Americas			57.6	1999
Sweden	Northern Europe	Europe	6.2	4.6	28.8	2017	6.2	2000	24.9	2013
Switzerland	Western Europe	Europe	9.0	5.2	32.7	2017	8.9	2000	28.7	2012 est.
Syria	Western Asia	Asia			35.8	2004
Taiwan	Eastern Asia	Asia					6.1	2002 est.	33.8	2012
Tajikistan	Central Asia	Asia	7.8	5.6	34.0	2015	7.8	2003	32.6	2006
Tanzania	Eastern Africa	Africa	9.2	6.2	40.5	2017	9.3	2000	37.6	2007
Thailand	South-eastern Asia	Asia	12.6	6.0	36.4	2018	12.4	2002	39.4	2010
East Timor	South-eastern Asia	Asia		4.1	28.7	2014			31.9	2007 est.
Togo	Western Africa	Africa		9.7	43.1	2015
Trinidad and Tobago	Caribbean	Americas	12.9		40.3	1992
Tunisia	Northern Africa	Africa	13.4	5.2	32.8	2015	13.7	2000	40.0	2005 est.
Turkey	Western Asia	Asia	6.6	8.5	41.9	2018	17.1	2003	40.2	2010
Turkmenistan	Central Asia	Asia	12.3		40.8	1999	12.2	1998	40.8	1998
Uganda	Eastern Africa	Africa	16.6	8.2	42.8	2016	16.4	2002	39.5	2013
Ukraine	Eastern Europe	Europe	5.9	3.5	26.1	2018	7.6	2006	28.2	2009
United Arab Emirates	Western Asia	Asia			32.5	2014
United Kingdom	Northern Europe	Europe	13.8	5.4	34.8	2016	13.6	1999	32.4	2012
United States	Northern America	Americas	18.5	9.4	41.4	2016	14.0	2014 est.	47.0	2014
Uruguay	South America	Americas	11.8	7.8	39.7	2018	17.9	2003	45.3	2010
Uzbekistan	Central Asia	Asia	10.6		35.3	2003	10.6	2003	36.8	2003
Venezuela	South America	Americas	18.8	15.8	46.9	2006	50.3	2003	39.0	2011
Vietnam	South-eastern Asia	Asia	6.9	6.2	35.7	2018	10.0	2004	37.6	2008
Palestine	Western Asia	Asia		5.6	33.7	2016
Yemen	Western Asia	Asia	8.6	6.1	36.7	2014	8.6	2003	37.7	2005
Zambia	Eastern Africa	Africa		21.1	57.1	2015			57.5	2010
Zimbabwe	Eastern Africa	Africa		8.6	44.3	2017			50.1	2006
World					12.0	2002 est.	38.0	2007

EU27 countries

Member state	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Member state
Austria	27.4	27.6	27.0	27.6	27.2	27.2	27.9	26.8	27.5
Belgium	26.3	26.5	25.9	25.9	26.2	26.3	26.1	25.7	25.1
Bulgaria	35.0	33.6	35.4	35.4	37.0	37.7	40.2	39.6	40.8
Croatia	31.2	30.9	30.9	30.2	30.4	29.8	29.9	29.7	29.2
Cyprus	29.2	31.0	32.4	34.8	33.6	32.1	30.8	29.1	31.1
Czech Republic	25.2	24.9	24.6	25.1	25.0	25.1	24.5	24.0	24.0
Denmark	26.6	26.5	26.8	27.7	27.4	27.7	27.6	27.8	27.5
Estonia	31.9	32.5	32.9	35.6	34.8	32.7	31.6	30.6	30.5
Finland	25.8	25.9	25.4	25.6	25.2	25.4	25.3	25.9	26.2
France	30.8	30.5	30.1	29.2	29.2	29.3	28.8	28.5
Germany	29.0	28.3	29.7	30.7	30.1	29.5	29.1	31.1	29.7
Greece	33.5	34.3	34.4	34.5	34.2	34.3	33.4	32.3	31.0
Hungary	26.9	27.2	28.3	28.6	28.2	28.2	28.1	28.7	28.0
Ireland	29.8	30.4	30.7	31.1	29.7	29.6	30.6	28.9
Italy	32.5	32.4	32.8	32.4	32.4	33.1	32.7	33.4
Latvia	35.1	35.7	35.2	35.5	35.4	34.5	34.5	35.6	35.2
Lithuania	33.0	32.0	34.6	35.0	37.9	37.0	37.6	36.9	35.4
Luxembourg	27.2	28.0	30.4	28.7	28.5	29.6	29.2	31.3	32.3
Malta	27.2	27.1	28.0	27.7	28.1	28.6	28.2	28.7	28.0
Netherlands	25.8	25.4	25.1	26.2	26.7	26.9	27.1	27.4	26.8
Poland	31.1	30.9	30.7	30.8	30.6	29.8	29.2	27.8	28.5
Portugal	34.2	34.5	34.2	34.5	34.0	33.9	33.5	32.1	31.9
Romania	33.5	34.0	34.6	35.0	37.4	34.7	33.1	35.1	34.8
Slovakia	25.7	25.3	24.2	26.1	23.7	24.3	23.2	20.9	20.3
Slovenia	23.8	23.7	24.4	25.0	24.5	24.4	23.7	23.4	23.9
Spain	34.0	34.2	33.7	34.7	34.6	34.5	34.1	33.2	33.0
Sweden	26.0	26.0	26.0	26.9	26.7	27.6	28.0	27.0	27.6
Serbia[n 1]	—	—	38.0	38.3	40.0	39.8	37.6	35.6
Montenegro[n 2][9]	—	—	38.5	36.5	36.5	36.5	36.7
European Union	30.5	30.4	30.6	30.9	30.8	30.6	30.3	30.4
Eurozone (EA19)	30.6	30.5	30.7	31.0	30.7	30.7	30.4	30.6

OECD countries

Gini coefficient, before taxes and transfers

Country	mid-70s	mid-80s	~ 1990	mid-90s	~ 2000	mid-2000s	Late 2000s
Country
Australia				0.467	0.476	0.465	0.469
Austria						0.433	0.472
Belgium		0.449		0.472	0.464	0.494	0.469
Canada	0.385	0.395	0.403	0.430	0.440	0.436	0.441
Chile				0.441		0.414	0.426
Czech Republic				0.442	0.472	0.474	0.444
Denmark		0.373	0.396	0.417	0.415	0.417	0.416
Estonia						0.504	0.458
Finland	0.343	0.387		0.479	0.478	0.483	0.465
France		0.380	0.370	0.473	0.490	0.485	0.483
Germany		0.439	0.429	0.459	0.471	0.499	0.504
Greece	0.448	0.426		0.446	0.466	0.454	0.436
Hungary			0.452	0.496	0.463	0.497	0.466
Iceland						0.365	0.382
Ireland
Israel		0.472	0.476	0.494	0.504	0.513	0.498
Italy		0.420	0.437	0.508	0.516	0.557	0.534
Japan		0.345		0.403	0.432	0.443	0.462
Luxembourg		0.383		0.427	0.421	0.454	0.482
Mexico		0.453		0.532	0.517	0.491	0.494
Netherlands	0.426	0.473	0.474	0.484	0.424	0.426	0.426
New Zealand		0.408	0.468	0.488	0.484	0.473	0.455
Norway		0.351		0.404	0.426	0.447	0.410
Poland						0.542	0.470
Portugal	0.457		0.436	0.490	0.479	0.542	0.521
Slovakia						0.458	0.416
Slovenia						0.452	0.423
South Korea						0.331	0.344
Spain							0.461
Sweden	0.389	0.404	0.408	0.438	0.446	0.432	0.426
Switzerland							0.409
Turkey							0.470
United Kingdom	0.338	0.419	0.439	0.453	0.458	0.445	0.456
United States	0.406	0.436	0.450	0.477	0.476	0.486	0.486

Gini coefficient, after taxes and transfers

Country	mid-70s	mid-80s	~ 1990	mid-90s	~ 2000	mid-2000s	Late 2000s
Country
Australia				0.309	0.317	0.315	0.336
Austria		0.236		0.238	0.252	0.265	0.261
Belgium		0.274		0.287	0.289	0.271	0.259
Canada	0.304	0.293	0.287	0.289	0.318	0.317	0.324
Chile				0.427		0.403	0.394
Czech Republic			0.232	0.257	0.260	0.268	0.256
Denmark		0.221	0.226	0.215	0.226	0.232	0.248
Estonia						0.349	0.315
Finland	0.235	0.209		0.218	0.247	0.254	0.259
France		0.300	0.290	0.277	0.287	0.288	0.293
Germany		0.251	0.256	0.266	0.264	0.285	0.295
Greece	0.413	0.336		0.336	0.345	0.321	0.307
Hungary			0.273	0.294	0.293	0.291	0.272
Iceland						0.257	0.301
Ireland		0.331		0.324	0.304	0.314	0.293
Israel		0.326	0.329	0.338	0.347	0.378	0.371
Italy		0.309	0.297	0.348	0.343	0.352	0.337
Japan		0.304		0.323	0.337	0.321	0.329
Luxembourg		0.247		0.259	0.261	0.258	0.288
Mexico		0.452		0.519	0.507	0.474	0.476
Netherlands	0.263	0.272	0.292	0.297	0.292	0.284	0.294
New Zealand		0.271	0.318	0.335	0.339	0.335	0.330
Norway		0.222		0.243	0.261	0.276	0.250
Poland					0.316	0.349	0.305
Portugal	0.354		0.329	0.359	0.356	0.385	0.353
Slovakia						0.268	0.257
Slovenia						0.246	0.236
South Korea						0.306	0.315
Spain		0.371	0.337	0.343	0.342	0.319	0.317
Sweden	0.212	0.198	0.209	0.211	0.243	0.234	0.259
Switzerland					0.279	0.276	0.303
Turkey		0.434		0.490		0.430	0.409
United Kingdom	0.268	0.309	0.354	0.336	0.351	0.331	0.345
United States	0.316	0.337	0.348	0.361	0.357	0.380	0.378

Notes

Serbia is a negotiating candidate to the EU.
Montenegro is a negotiating candidate to the EU.

Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the Republic of Kosovo and the Republic of Serbia. The Republic of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence on 17 February 2008. Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own sovereign territory. The two governments began to normalise relations in 2013, as part of the 2013 Brussels Agreement. Kosovo is currently recognised as an independent state by 97 out of the 193 United Nations member states. In total, 112 UN member states have recognised Kosovo at some point, of which 15 later withdrew their recognition.

References

"GINI index (World Bank estimate) | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2020-07-23.
Underground economy and income inequality: two connected aspects in the oncoming context of Italian federalism Archived 2012-02-09 at the Wayback Machine. By Iacopo Odoardi and Carmen Pagliari. Vol. 15 No. 1, 2011 Archived 2012-02-09 at the Wayback Machine. Global & Local Economic Review.
The Size of the Shadow Economies of 145 Countries all over the World: First Results over the Period 1999 to 2003. December 2004. By Friedrich Schneider (University of Linz and IZA Bonn). Institute for the Study of Labor.
"GINI index (World Bank estimate)". data.worldbank.org. World Bank. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
Monino, Jean-Louis; Sedkaoui, Soraya (2016-03-11), "Data Development Mechanisms", Big Data, Open Data and Data Development, Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 43–72, doi:10.1002/9781119285199.ch3, ISBN 978-1-119-28519-9, retrieved 2021-06-26
Distribution of family income – Gini index, The World Factbook, CIA, accessed on September 24, 2020.
"| Human Development Reports". hdr.undp.org. Retrieved 2019-03-04.
"Gini Index coefficient – distribution of family income - The World Factbook". www.cia.gov. Retrieved 2021-04-19.
"GINI Index for Montenegro". 18 January 2018. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

External links

Global Peace Index Map of Gini data for 2007–2010
Shadow economies all over the world : new estimates for 162 countries from 1999 to 2007. Friedrich Schneider, Andreas Buehn, Claudio E. Montenegro. July 2010. World Bank.
Allianz Global Wealth Report 2018.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[10] Serbia is a negotiating candidate to the EU.

[11] Montenegro is a negotiating candidate to the EU.

[status-9] Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the Republic of Kosovo and the Republic of Serbia. The Republic of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence on 17 February 2008. Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own sovereign territory. The two governments began to normalise relations in 2013, as part of the 2013 Brussels Agreement. Kosovo is currently recognised as an independent state by 97 out of the 193 United Nations member states. In total, 112 UN member states have recognised Kosovo at some point, of which 15 later withdrew their recognition.

[1] "GINI index (World Bank estimate) | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2020-07-23.

[Italy-2] Underground economy and income inequality: two connected aspects in the oncoming context of Italian federalism Archived 2012-02-09 at the Wayback Machine. By Iacopo Odoardi and Carmen Pagliari. Vol. 15 No. 1, 2011 Archived 2012-02-09 at the Wayback Machine. Global & Local Economic Review.

[shadow_economy-3] The Size of the Shadow Economies of 145 Countries all over the World: First Results over the Period 1999 to 2003. December 2004. By Friedrich Schneider (University of Linz and IZA Bonn). Institute for the Study of Labor.

[4] "GINI index (World Bank estimate)". data.worldbank.org. World Bank. Retrieved 30 March 2020.

[Data_for_urban_households_only-5] Monino, Jean-Louis; Sedkaoui, Soraya (2016-03-11), "Data Development Mechanisms", Big Data, Open Data and Data Development, Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 43–72, doi:10.1002/9781119285199.ch3, ISBN 978-1-119-28519-9, retrieved 2021-06-26

[6] Distribution of family income – Gini index, The World Factbook, CIA, accessed on September 24, 2020.

[7] "| Human Development Reports". hdr.undp.org. Retrieved 2019-03-04.

[cia.gov-8] "Gini Index coefficient – distribution of family income - The World Factbook". www.cia.gov. Retrieved 2021-04-19.

[12] "GINI Index for Montenegro". 18 January 2018. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

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