Hangzhou Metro

The Hangzhou Metro (Chinese: 杭州地铁) is a rapid transit system that serves Hangzhou in Zhejiang province, China. The system opened on November 24, 2012.[2] It is the 17th city in China to operate a rapid transit system.

Hangzhou Metro
Overview
OwnerCity of Hangzhou
LocaleHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Transit typeRapid transit
Number of lines9
Number of stations185
Daily ridership2,170,000 (November 2020 avg.)
3,285,100 (30 April 2021, Peak)[1]
Operation
Began operationNovember 24, 2012 (2012-11-24)
Operator(s)Hangzhou Metro Corporation (Line 2, Line 4, Line 6, Line 7, Line 8, Line 9, Line 16)
MTR Corporation (Hangzhou) (Line 1, Line 5)
Technical
System length341 km (212 mi)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
System map

Hangzhou Metro
Simplified Chinese杭州地铁
Traditional Chinese杭州地鐵

Network
To scale map of Hangzhou Metro lines in operation.

Metro
Line Terminals
(District)		 Commencement Newest
Extension		 Length
km		 Stations Operator
 1  Xianghu
(Xiaoshan)		 Xiaoshan International Airport (Xiaoshan) 2012 2020 53.1 33
 2  Chaoyang
(Xiaoshan)		 Liangzhu
(Yuhang)		 2014 2017 43.3[3] 33
 4  Pengbu
(Shangcheng)		 Puyan
(Binjiang)		 2015 2018 20.8 18
 5  Jinxing
(Yuhang)		 Guniangqiao
(Xiaoshan)		 2019 2020 53.9 38
 6  Goujulong
(Shangcheng)		 West Guihua Road
(Fuyang)
Shuangpu
(Xihu)		 2020 2021 58.5 34
 7  Jiangdong'er Road
(Qiantang)		 Citizen Center
(Shangcheng)		 2020 2021 42.3 20
 8  South Wenhai Road
(Qiantang)		 Xinwan Road
(Qiantang)		 2021 17.2 9
 9  Coach Center
(Shangcheng)		 Long'an
(Linping)		 2021 2021 18.7[4][5] 11
 16  Lvting Road
(Yuhang)		 Jiuzhou Street
(Lin'an)		 2020 35.1[6] 12
Total 341 185

Commuter rail
Line Terminals
(District)		 Commencement Newest
Extension		 Length
km		 Stations Operator
 Hangzhou–Haining  Linping South Railway Station
(Linping)		 International Campus, ZJU
(Haining, Jiaxing)		 2021 46.4 12 Zhejiang Rail Transit Operation Management Group Co., Ltd[7]
Total 46.4 12

Description

There are currently 9 lines in operation. Line 1 is an arc-shaped line, begins in Xiaoshan, stretches across downtown Hangzhou[8] after crossing the Qiantang River and ends in Xiasha, with a branch line branching off the main line at Coach Center station and ending in Linping station. Line 2 links the Xiaoshan Industrial Park in the southeast with the city center and Xihu District in the northwest. Line 4 complements Line 1 in downtown Hangzhou, stretching in a north-south direction from Pengbu to Puyan.

The Hangzhou Metro has the only metro system map in China whose first seven lines follow the hue order of the rainbow colors.[9]

History

Initial plans

The planning for a metro system in the city started in the 1990s and was about to start construction works in September 2003, but the State Council suspended construction works due to increasing costs. The state council approved the construction and operation of a rapid transit system by the Hangzhou Subway Group Co. Ltd in Hangzhou on June 5, 2005.[10] The preliminary design for the first line, Line 1, was approved on January 11, 2007 by the Development and Reform Commission after four days of study. It would be 47.97 km long, of which 41.36 km is underground, 6.14 km elevated, and 0.47 km at grade.[11]

Construction
Wulin Square station
Evolution of the network

Construction of the first phase of Hangzhou Metro Line 1 began on March 28, 2007, with subsequent phases beginning later in that year. The first phase included three underground stations in Qianjiang New City. Jiubao East Station is the biggest station along Line 1 and will be a hub for the future metro system and other forms of public transport.[8] The funding of Line 1 came from both the city government and the banks, with 10.2 billion yuan and 5 billion yuan respectively. The first phase construction was estimated to be 45 billion yuan.[10]

In January 2009, it was announced that MTR Corporation would invest in a 22 billion-yuan ($3.2 billion) / 25-year / 49% share joint venture with the Hangzhou government to operate Line 1 of the metro.[12]

The first section of Line 4 opened for trial operation on February 2, 2015.[13]

In December 2016, the National Development and Reform Commission approved the planning for 10 lines, including extensions to the three existing lines, scheduled to open in time for the 2022 Asian Games.[14] By then the Hangzhou Metro network is projected to be 446 km long.[15] As of 2018 there are over 300 km of subway lines under construction in Hangzhou.[16]

Accident

On November 15, 2008, a 75-metre (250 ft) section of the tunnel near Fengqing Avenue in Xiaoshan District collapsed while under construction,[17] killing 17 people.[18]

Future expansions

2021
Opening DateLinesSectionTerminalsLength

(km)

 StationsNotes & References
Dec. 2021  3 Initial section of Phase 1Xingqiao RoadChaowang Road19.113
 10 Initial section of Phase 1Cuibai RoadYisheng Road12.49

2022
YearsLinesSectionTerminalsLength

(km)

 StationsNotes & References
2022  4 Phase 2PengbuChihua Street23.915[19][20]
 7 Remaining section of Phase 1Wushan SquareCitizen Center5.24[19][21]
 9 Phase 1 South Section Coach Center Guanyintang 10.85 10
 3  Main LineWushanqiancunXingqiao Road48.7530[19][22][23]
BranchXiaoheshanBaijiayuan Road8.45The branch line will become Line 14 in the future.[19][22]
 5 Phase 2 Adjustment sectionJinxingYuhang Town2.031
 10 Phase 1Huanglong Sports CenterYisheng Road15.212[19][24]
 17  ( Airport Express )TiaoxiYongsheng Road59.1417[25][26][27]

References
  1. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on July 1, 2021. Retrieved January 2, 2021.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. "本网快讯：杭州地铁时代即将来临 1号线24日开通". Archived from the original on June 17, 2013. Retrieved November 22, 2012.
  3. "今天17时，地铁2号线全程开通 从头坐到尾只需77分钟". December 27, 2017. Archived from the original on October 16, 2019. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
  4. "喜讯！众合科技助力杭州地铁9号线临平段改造工程圆满完成". July 15, 2021. 为9号线的中段，由既有1号线临平支线拆分独立运营构成，长约12.5公里
  5. "杭州地铁9号线北段即将开通 带你提前探营". September 9, 2021. 线路全长约6.2km
  6. "杭州地铁16号线开通在即 余杭到临安不到38分钟". April 9, 2020. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  7. "浙江轨道集团运营管理的杭海城际铁路通车". Retrieved July 26, 2021.
  8. Kat Jiang, "Hangzhou to build metro system Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Shanghai Daily, 2007-03-01
  9. "七色彩虹！ 杭州地铁每条线颜色是怎么出炉的？看揭秘". Archived from the original on July 1, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  10. Tang Fuchun, Hangzhou Subway Planning Approved Archived February 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, china.org.cn, 2005-06-16
  11. "Design of Hangzhou Metro Line No.1 Brings Convenience to Passengers". January 11, 2007. Archived from the original on May 22, 2011.
  12. "MTR to Operate, Invest in $3.2 Billion Subway in Eastern China". bloomberg.com. January 16, 2009. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
  13. "experimental operation on Metro Line 4 first section, February 2". hangzhou.gov.cn/ (in Chinese). February 2, 2015. Archived from the original on February 4, 2015. Retrieved February 4, 2015.
  14. "杭州地铁三期10条线路获批 计划亚运会前建成". December 21, 2016. Archived from the original on April 18, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2017.
  15. "[浙江]杭州地铁2号线西北段开通 22分钟城西飞驰到城东(图)". news.sina.com.cn. Archived from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
  16. "穩增長 內地掀新一波城市軌道建設熱 - 香港經濟日報 - 中國頻道 - 經濟". china.hket.com. Archived from the original on August 23, 2018. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
  17. http://www.shanghaidaily.com/article/?id=380858&type=National
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  20. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on January 8, 2018. Retrieved July 17, 2017.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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  23. Archived January 8, 2018, at the Wayback Machine(in Chinese)52㎞、34站横穿市区 难产多年杭州地铁3号线年底开工
  24. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on July 1, 2021. Retrieved July 17, 2017.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  25. "杭州机场轨道快线车站部分效果图曝光 全线17座车站 预计明年6月开通". September 9, 2021. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. 杭州机场轨道快线工程起点苕溪站，终点靖江站，线路长59.14公里，地下线长度47.105公里，高架段长度12.034公里，其中与杭甬高速合建10.266公里。全线共设车站17座，其中高架站4座，地下站13座
  26. "实锤！机场快线命名为17号线，未来或将东延至钱塘高铁站！". Archived from the original on October 11, 2021.
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